| This
section provides a description of the fundamental principles and instrumentation
associated with ultrasound velocity and attenuation measurement of bone.
The scientific measurement of ultrasound
velocity and attenuation is described with particular relevance to in-vitro studies.
Clinical measurement is described with
reference to the plethora of commercially available systems, describing how they differ in
methodology and output. For example, we may measure the velocity of ultrasound in various
bones including the phalanx and tibia, along with broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA)
measurement of the calcaneus. Commercial systems incorporate both immersion and contact
approaches, being either fixed location or scanning. |
